German Participles with Expansions: Partizip I and II

Updated: 2026-10-26
German Participles with Expansions: Partizip I and II

In German, Partizip I and Partizip II do not have to stand alone, as in das spielende Kind or das gekaufte Auto. They can also take expansions expressing place, time, instrument, object and other details.

Unlike English and many other languages, these elements form a single structure that comes before the noun.

Basic structure

Article + expansions + Partizip I / II + noun

Partizip I examples: ongoing meaning

Partizip II examples: completed meaning

Gradual expansion: up to 10 elements

Examples with Partizip I: the playing child

  1. das spielende Kind – the playing child
  2. das im Garten spielende Kind – the child playing in the garden
  3. das im Garten mit einem Ball spielende Kind – the child playing in the garden with a ball
  4. das im Garten mit einem roten Ball spielende Kind – the child playing in the garden with a red ball
  5. das im Garten mit einem roten Ball laut spielende Kind – the child playing loudly in the garden with a red ball
  6. das im Garten mit einem roten Ball laut und fröhlich spielende Kind – the child playing loudly and happily in the garden with a red ball
  7. das im Garten mit einem roten Ball laut und fröhlich vor dem Haus spielende Kind – the child playing loudly and happily in the garden in front of the house with a red ball
  8. das im Garten mit einem roten Ball laut und fröhlich vor dem Haus zusammen mit anderen Kindern spielende Kind – the child playing loudly and happily in the garden in front of the house with a red ball together with other children
  9. das im Garten am Nachmittag mit einem roten Ball laut und fröhlich vor dem Haus zusammen mit anderen Kindern spielende Kind – the child playing loudly and happily in the garden in front of the house in the afternoon with a red ball together with other children
  10. das im großen Garten am Nachmittag mit einem roten Ball laut und fröhlich vor dem Haus zusammen mit anderen Kindern lange spielende Kind – the child playing for a long time loudly and happily in the large garden in front of the house in the afternoon with a red ball together with other children

Examples with Partizip II: the written letter

  1. der geschriebene Brief – the written letter
  2. der gestern geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday
  3. der gestern von meiner Schwester geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday by my sister
  4. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister
  5. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister at the desk
  6. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch mit großer Mühe geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister at the desk with great difficulty
  7. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch mit großer Mühe für ihren Freund geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister at the desk with great difficulty for her friend
  8. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch mit großer Mühe für ihren Freund in Deutsch geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister at the desk with great difficulty for her friend in German
  9. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch mit großer Mühe für ihren Freund in Deutsch mit vielen Fehlern geschriebene Brief – the letter written yesterday evening by my sister at the desk with great difficulty for her friend in German, with many mistakes
  10. der gestern von meiner Schwester am Abend am Schreibtisch mit großer Mühe für ihren Freund in Deutsch mit vielen Fehlern schließlich doch fertig geschriebene Brief – the letter finally completed yesterday evening by my sister at the desk with great difficulty for her friend in German, with many mistakes

Summary

Practical steps

  1. Start with a simple phrase such as das spielende Kind or der geschriebene Brief.
  2. Add one detail at a time, such as place, time, instrument or person.
  3. Keep every expansion before the Partizip and place the noun at the end.
  4. Practise both Partizip I for ongoing actions and Partizip II for completed actions.

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