German Prepositions: Cases, Meanings and Practical Examples

Updated: 2026-10-26
German Prepositions: Cases, Meanings and Practical Examples

German prepositions express the relationship between words. They can show where something is, where someone is going, when something happens or what the reason is. They are connected to a noun or pronoun and determine whether it takes the accusative, dative or genitive case.

For example:

Prepositions followed by the accusative

These prepositions are always followed by the accusative case:

Prepositions followed by the dative

These prepositions are always followed by the dative case:

Prepositions followed by the genitive

These prepositions are normally followed by the genitive case. In everyday speech, they are often also used with the dative, but the grammatically correct form is the genitive.

Two-way prepositions

Two-way prepositions can be used with two different cases:

The two-way prepositions are:

An or auf?

When to use an

Use an when something is placed next to a vertical surface or close to a boundary.

Examples expressing direction, with the accusative:

Examples expressing location, with the dative:

When to use auf

Use auf when something is placed on a horizontal surface, or when someone is going to an institution or office.

Practical steps for learning German prepositions

  1. Learn each preposition together with its required case.
  2. For two-way prepositions, ask whether the sentence answers where to? or where?
  3. Practise pairs such as an die Wand and an der Wand.
  4. Pay special attention to the article ending, because it shows whether the noun is in the accusative, dative or genitive.
  5. Build your own short sentences using examples from daily activities.

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