German Reflexive Verbs: Reflexivverben and “sich” Verbs

Updated: 2026-10-26
German Reflexive Verbs: Reflexivverben and “sich” Verbs

Reflexive verbs (Reflexivverben), often called “sich verbs”, are German verbs that are used with a reflexive pronoun. They express an action directed back at the subject.

English and other languages do not always translate the reflexive pronoun directly. For example, Ich beeile mich means “I hurry”, although the German sentence literally contains “myself”.

What are German reflexive verbs?

Some German verbs always require a reflexive pronoun. The pronoun changes according to the person of the subject.

German reflexive pronouns

The form of the reflexive pronoun depends on the subject and the case.

Akkusativ

Dativ

When do you use Akkusativ or Dativ?

The case of the reflexive pronoun depends on whether there is another object in the sentence.

Common reflexive verbs

Verbs with Akkusativ

Sich freuen auf and sich freuen über

Sich freuen auf + Akkusativ is used when something has not happened yet and you are looking forward to it.

Ich freue mich auf die Ferien. – I am looking forward to the holidays.

Sich freuen über + Akkusativ is used when something is happening now or has already happened and makes you happy.

Ich freue mich über dein Geschenk. – I am happy about your present.

Verbs with Dativ

Reflexive verbs with prepositions

Many reflexive verbs are used with a fixed preposition. The preposition also determines the case, so it should be learned together with the verb.

Example sentences

Akkusativ

Dativ

With prepositions

Important points to remember

  1. Not every German reflexive verb is translated with a reflexive pronoun in English. For example, Ich beeile mich. means “I hurry”.
  2. Distinguishing between Akkusativ and Dativ is essential: ich wasche mich means “I wash myself”, while ich wasche mir die Hände means “I wash my hands”.
  3. Many “sich” verbs have a fixed preposition that must be learned with the verb, such as sich erinnern an + Akk.

Practical steps for learning reflexive verbs

  1. Learn each verb together with its reflexive pronoun and, where relevant, its fixed preposition.
  2. Check whether the sentence contains another object. Use Akkusativ for the reflexive pronoun when there is no other object, and Dativ when another object is in Akkusativ.
  3. Practise contrasting pairs such as ich wasche mich and ich wasche mir die Hände.
  4. Write and say short everyday sentences using the example verbs.
  5. Review the preposition and case whenever you learn a new reflexive verb.

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