German Strong Verbs: Präteritum and Perfekt, Part 3

Updated: 2026-10-26
German Strong Verbs: Präteritum and Perfekt, Part 3

The third group of German strong verbs includes many words used in everyday speech. Their stem vowels can change, so the Präteritum and Perfekt forms differ from the infinitive and need to be learned individually.

Strong verbs, part 3

Use this list to learn the infinitive, Präteritum and Perfekt forms together:

Important points

  1. Verbs expressing movement or a change of state use the auxiliary verb sein in the Perfekt:
    • fliegen → ist geflogen
    • gelingen → ist gelungen
    • schwimmen → ist geschwommen
    • fahren → ist gefahren when it means travelling, and hat gefahren when it means driving
  2. The other verbs use haben in the Perfekt:
    • lesen → hat gelesen
    • helfen → hat geholfen
  3. Some of these verbs are especially common in everyday communication: sehen, lesen, finden, nehmen and tun.
  4. tun and machen have similar meanings, but tun is often more formal or is used in particular expressions:
    • Ich habe alles getan. – I did everything.

Example sentences

Summary

This group contains frequently used verbs for movement, such as fahren, fliegen and schwimmen, as well as essential everyday actions such as sehen, lesen, nehmen, finden and tun. Their Präteritum and Perfekt forms are irregular, so learn each form as part of the verb.

Practical steps for learning

  1. Learn each verb in a three-part sequence: infinitive, Präteritum and Perfekt.
  2. Mark the verbs that use sein in the Perfekt, especially movement and change-of-state verbs.
  3. Write one personal sentence for each of the verbs sehen, lesen, finden, nehmen and tun.
  4. Practise the example sentences aloud and repeat them in both the Präteritum and Perfekt where possible.
  5. Pay special attention to fahren: use ist gefahren for travelling and hat gefahren for driving.

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